The development of narcotrafficking and corruption in Mexico

Nubia Nieto

Abstract


In recent decades, Mexico has hit the news headlines due to the high levels of violence, brutality and drug trafficking. Moreover, the links between political power, intelligence agencies, corruption and organised crime have been undeniable in the development of narcotrafficking and violence in Mexico. In this scenario, the following questions are emerging and are intended to be analyzed throughout this text: Why have drug traffickers managed to destabilize the Mexican government? How much responsibilities have the U.S. and Mexican intelligence agencies in the development of drug trafficking and violence? Can Mexico by itself control the development of drug trafficking? Is it possible to establish the rule of law and accountability mechanisms? Does the new government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador represent hope for the control of violence in Mexico?


Keywords


corruption, drug trafficking, political elites, Mexico, democracy.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aguayo Quezada S. (2000), El Almanaque mexicano, México, Grijalbo

Anguiano A. (1975), El Estado y la política obrera del cardenismo, México, Era.

Astorga L. (1999), Drug trafficking in Mexico: A First General Assessment, France, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Buendía M. (1983), La CIA en México, México, Océano.

Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (BINLEA) (2017), International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, vol. l, U.S.A, United States Department of State – BINLEA.

Cardoso G. (2016a), Saquean y endeudan sus estados, “Unomásuno”, México, November 21.

Cardoso W. (2016b), Mujeres del narco, “Unomásuno”, México, December 9.

Cardoso G. (2016c), Carcel por portar armas de forma ilegal, “Unomásuno”, México, December 16.

Carbonell M. ( 2002), El rol de las Fuerzas Armadas en la Constitución Mexicana, “Ius et Praxis”, vol. 8, no 1, pp. 35–51.

Carpizo J. (1978), El presidencialismo mexicano, México, Siglo XXI.

Canales R. (2012), The deadly genius of drug cartels. Conference delivered in the USA, TED talks. [On line] Available: http://www.ted.com/talks/rodrigo_canales_the_deadly_genius_of_drug_cartels.html [Retrieved August 17, 2018].

Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (CPEUM) (1917), Constitución publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 5 de febrero de 1917. Texto vigente, última reforma publicada 24-02-2017 (2017). México, Cámara de Diputados del Honorable Congreso de la Unión Secretaría de Servicios Parlamentarios. [On line]

http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/1917.pdf [Retrieved September 30, 2018].

Council Foreign Relations (CFR) (2018) Mexico’s Drug War, New York, US, CFR. [On line: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mexicos-drug-war] [Retrieved September 30, 2018].

Dale Scott P. (2000), Washington and the politics of drugs, “Variant”, vol. 2, no 11, summer, pp. 2–5.

Davila P. (2016), Triangulo Dorado: el crimen manda, “Proceso”, May 28.

De Llano P. (2016), Un juez envía a prisión a Humberto Moreira tras su detención en España, “El País”, January 16.

El Economista (2018), Sí desaparecerá el Cisen: Sánchez Cordero, México, September 11.

Fernandes Silva J. (2017), The Economics of Firearms, “The Market mogul”, US, February 26. Available [online]: https://themarketmogul.com/the-economics-of-firearms/ [Retrieved January 20, 2018].

Fregoso J. (2018), López Obrador vs la violencia narco: los planes del nuevo presidente mexicano y la reacción de los cárteles ante un cambio inédito, Infobae, Julio 7.

[On line]

https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2018/07/07/lopez-obrador-vs-la-violencia-narco-los-planes-del-nuevo-presidente-mexicano-y-la-reaccion-de-los-carteles-ante-un-cambio-inedito/ [Retrieved September 26, 2018].

Forbes (2016), List of the top 10 billionaires in the world, US, Forbes editions, July 31.

García J. (2018), Los 3 cárteles de la droga más poderosos en México, “El Diario”, New York. [On line] Available: https://eldiariony.com/2018/04/10/los-3-carteles-de-la-droga-mas-poderosos-en-mexico/ [Retrieved August 28, 2018].

Gutiérrez-Romero R. (2018), Making Bad Economies: The Poverty of Mexican Drug Cartels, The United Kingdom, Oxford University, oxford research group. [On line] Available:

https://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/Blog/making-bad-economies-the-poverty-of-mexican-drug-cartels [Retrieved August 28, 2018].

Gómora D., Muedano, M., García, D. (2016), Mexican drug cartels reinforce their fire power, “El Universal”, Mexico, January 24.

Grillo I. (2013), Mexican Cartels: A Century of Defying U.S. Drug Policy, “The Brown Journal of World Affairs”, USA, Brown University, Winter, issue I, vol. XX, pp. 253–265.

Global Currencies (2018), Historical currencies, Spain, investing.com. [On line]:

https://es.investing.com/currencies/usd-mxn-converter [Retrieved August 20, 2018]

Gunson P. (2000), Arturo Durazo, “The Guardian”, August 14.

Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE), (2018), Resultados electorales 2018, México, IFE. [On line] https://www.ine.mx/voto-y-elecciones/resultados-electorales/ [Retrieved September 20, 2018].

Krauze E. (2016), Democracia en Construcción, Ensayista Liberal 6, México, Debate.

Luna E. (2016), 32 mil 662 homicidios en el año, “Unomásuno”, November 27, pp. 4–5.

Meade T. A. (2010), A history of Modern Latin America. 1800 to the Present, The United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons ltd.

Morris S. D. (2009), Political Corruption in Mexico. The impact of Democratization, USA, Lynne Rienner publishers.

Milenio (2018), Los 50 lineamientos de AMLO para la austeridad y contra la corrupción. México, “Milenio Diario”, julio 15, 2018. [On line] Available: http://www.milenio.com/politica/los-50-lineamientos-de-amlo-para-la-austeridad-y-contra-la-corrupcion [Retrieved August 28, 2018].

Nieto N. (2011), La socialización de las élites políticas mexicanas a través de la corrupción, “Análisis Político”, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 165–181.

Nieto N. (2004), La géopolitique de la corruption. Le Mexique: une étude de cas, Ph.D Thesis, Paris I, France: University of Sorbonne.

Ramales Osorio M. C. (2005), El Sexenio Zedillista (1994–2000): El Agotamiento del Sistema, “Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana”, no 51, November.

Redmond, H. (2013), The Political economy of the Mexico’s drug war, “International Socialist Review”, issue 90, July.

Redacción (2016 a), Equivale la exacción a 10% del PIB, “Unomásuno”, México, October 27.

Redacción (2016 b), Gobierna el narco Tamaulipas, “Unomásuno”, México, November 28.

Rivelois J. (1999a), Drogue, corruption et métamorphoses politiques, application à une comparaison Mexique-Brésil, Revue Tiers Monde, vol. 40, no 158, pp. 271–296.

Rivelois J. (1999b), Drogue et pouvoirs: du Mexique aux paradis, Paris, L’Harmattan.

Riding A. (1985), Vecinos Distantes. Un retrato de los mexicanos. México, Joaquín Mortiz-Planeta.

Rose-Ackerman S. (1999), Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Santos Villarreal G., Bustos Cervantes C. (2009), Instrumentos internacionales signados por México en materia de narcotráfico, México, Cámara de Diputados LX Legislatura, Servicios de investigación y análisis, Subdirección de Política Exterior.

Univisión (2015), La leyenda de Jesús Malverde: Santo de los Narcos, Los Angeles, US., July 30.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/al.2018.6.213-234
Date of publication: 2019-02-05 09:32:42
Date of submission: 2019-02-05 09:01:16


Statistics


Total abstract view - 16418
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF - 2624

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.