Measurement of Radon-222 Concentrations in Selected Soil Samples in Al-Mothafeen Area (Kerbala, Iraq) by Using the CN-85 Detector

Abrrar Abbas Ibrahim, Abdalsattar Kareem Hashim, Ali Abid Abojassim

Abstract


In this work, alpha emitters in the twenty soil samples in Al-Mothafeen sites were measured using the CN-85 detectors. The results show that the average values of radon concentration in the air space of the tube and in the sample were 163.15±3.37 Bq/m3 and 5090.54±155.3 Bq/m3, respectively, while the results of annual effective dose were varied from 10.2±0.3 mSv/y to 2.1±0.1 mSv/y with a mean value of 4.1±0.2 mSv/y, radium content were varied from 0.3±0.06 Bq/kg-1 to 0.06±0.02 Bq/kg with a mean value of 0.12±0.03 Bq/kg, and uranium contractions were varied from 9.29±0.33 Bq/kg to 1.90±0.15 Bq/kg with an average of 3.72±0.21 Bq/kg. Also, the average values of mass and surface exhalation rates were 0.95±8.64 mBq/kg.h and 44.59±0.79 mBq/m2.h, respectively. The results were within the normal limits of radiation, according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).


Keywords


alpha emitters, 222Rn, 226Ra, 238U, annual effective dose, soil, CN-85, Kerbala University

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abd-Elmoniem, A.E., Mohammed, Y.S., Mohammed, K.S., Sumaia, S.M., 2014. Radium and radon exhalation studies in some soil samples from Singa and Rabak towns, Sudan, using CR-39. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(11): 632–637.‏

Abdulwahid, T.A., Alsabari, I.K., Abojassim, A.A., Mraity, H.A.A., Hassan, A.B., 2020. Assessment of concentrations of alpha emitters in cancer patients blood samples. SYLWAN, 164(3).‏

Abojassim, A.A., 2018. Alpha particles concentrations from soil samples of Al-Najaf (Iraq). Polish Journal of Soil Science, 50(2): 249.‏

Abojassim, A.A., Hashim, R.H., Mahdi, N.S., 2021. Basics of nuclear radiation. Basics of Nuclear Radiation, 1–86.‏

Abojassim, A.A., Shltake, A.R., Najam, L.A., Merzaa, I.R., 2017. Radiological parameters due to radon-222 in soil samples at Baghdad Governorate (Karakh), Iraq. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial. Research. Ser. A: Physical. Sciences, 60(2): 72–78.‏

Al-Gharabi, M., Al-Hamzawi, A., 2020. Measurement of radon concentrations and surface exhalation rates using CR-39 detector in soil samples of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 17(4): 220–224.‏

Al-Kharouf, S.J., Al-Hamarneh, I.F., Dababneh, M., 2008. Natural radioactivity, dose assessment and uranium uptake by agricultural crops at Khan Al-Zabeeb, Jordan. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99(7): 1192–1199.‏

Almayahi, B., Zyughir, L.S., Jaafar, A.A., Almayahi, B.A., 2016. Biological effects of background radiation and their risk of humans. Maghrebian Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 2(2): 71–78.‏

Antoci, C., Immè, G., La Delfa, S., Nigro, S.L., Morelli, D., Patanè, G., Alessandro, G., 2007. Indoor and soil radon measurements in the Hyblean Foreland (South-East Sicily). Annals of Geophysics, 50(4).‏

Baixeras, C., Climent, H., Font, L.L., Bacmeister, G.U., Albarracín, D., Monnin, M., 1996. Using passive detectors in soil and indoors in two Mediterranean locations for radon concentration measurements. Radiation Measurements, 28(1–6): 713–716.‏

Bem, H., Długosz-Lisiecka, M., Mazurek-Rudnicka, D., Szajerski, P., 2021. Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 3099–3114.‏

Buttafuoco, G., Tallarico, A., Falcone, G., 2007. Mapping soil gas radon concentration: A comparative study of geostatistical methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 131(1): 135–151.‏

El-Araby, E.H., Shabaan, D.H., Yousef, Z., 2021. Evaluation of radon concentration and natural radioactivity exposure from the soil of Wadi Hodein region, Egypt. International Journal of Radiation Research, 19(3): 719–727.‏

Farid, S.M., 2016. Indoor radon in dwellings of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia and its correlations with the radium and radon exhalation rates from soil. Indoor and Built Environment, 25(1): 269–278.‏

Hashim, A.K., Nayif, S.S., 2019. Determination of the radiation of alpha particles in the air of primary school buildings in the city of Karbala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1): 531–537.‏

Hashim, A.K., Al Safaay, B.R., Fulyful, F.K., 2016. Determination of uranium concentration, radium content and radon exhalations rates in soil samples for some regions in Lebanon. Journal of Kufa-Physics, 8(2): 1–9.‏

Ibrahim, A., Hashim, A.K., Abojassim, A.A., 2021a. Comparing of the natural radioactivity in soil samples of university at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen sites of Kerbala, Iraq. Jordan Journal of Physics, 14(2): 177–191.‏

Ibrahim, A., Hashim, A.K., Abojassim, A.A., 2021b. Determination of alpha activity in soilsamples of agricultural college of Kerbala University, Iraq. Annals of Agri Bio Research, 26(1): 125–131.‏

ICRP, 1993. 222Radon at Home and at Work. International Commission on Radiological Pro‏tection Publication.

Kakati, R.K., Kakati, L., Ramachandran, T.V., 2013. Measurement of uranium, radium and radon exhalation rate of soil samples from Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India using EDXRF and Can technique method. APCBEE Procedia, 5: 186–191.‏

Khan, M.S., Srivastava, D.S., Azam, A., 2012. Study of radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples of northern India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 67(5): 1363–1371.‏

Khan, M.S., Zubair, M., Verma, D., Naqvi, A.H., Azam, A., Bhardwaj, M.K., 2011. The study of indoor radon in the urban dwellings using plastic track detectors. Environmental Earth Sciences, 63(2): 279–282.‏

Korany, K.A., Shata, A.E., Hassan, S.F., Nagdy, M.S.E., 2013. Depth and seasonal variations for the soil radon-gas concentration levels at Wadi Naseib Area, southwestern Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, 3(4): 1–6.‏

Kunovska, B., Ivanova, K., Stojanovska, Z., Vuchkov, D., Zaneva, N., 2013. Measurements of radon concentration in soil gas of urban areas, Bulgaria. Romanian Journal of Physics, 58(S): S172–S179.‏

Merkel, B.J., Hasche-Berger, A. (eds.), 2006. Uranium in the Environment. Mining Impacts and Consequences.‏ Technische Univ. Bergakademie, Freiberg.

Mohammad, A.M., 2011. Measurement of radon-222 concentration in soil samples of some sulfuric spring in hit city using CR-39 detector. Baghdad Science Journal, 8(4): 972–975.‏

OECD, 1979. Report by a Group of Experts of the OECD. Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Paris.

Rafiue, M., Rahman, S., Rahman, S.U., Rathore, M.H., Shahzad, M.I., Bukhari, S., ... Rajput, M.U., 2011. Estimation of annual effective radon doses and risk of lung cancer in the residents of district Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 26(3): 218–225.‏

Tabar, E., Kumru, M.N., Ichedef, M., Saç, M.M., 2013. Radioactivity level and the measurement of soil gas radon concentration in Dikili geothermal area, Turkey. International Journal of Radiation Research, 11(4): 253–261.‏

UNSCEAR, 1996. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex.‏

UNSCEAR, 2000. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, Annex B: Exposures from Natural Radiation Sources, vol. 1, 97–99.‏




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2021.54.2.139
Date of publication: 2021-12-27 17:40:52
Date of submission: 2021-01-06 20:56:39


Statistics


Total abstract view - 1596
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF - 559

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Ali Abojassim

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.