Thermal Waste Conversion as Energy Source – the Polish Legal Context. Selected Issues

Artur K. Modrzejewski

Abstract


The article presents Polish and related EU legal basis for thermal waste conversion (in particular municipal waste and waste of municipal origin) as an energy source. It was hypothesized that at the current stage of systemic development of municipal waste management in Polish legal conditions, thermal waste conversion is an extremely important element which not only allows for achieving quantifiable environmental benefits, but also constitutes a source of energy. However, waste incineration cannot be treated as a fundamental element of closed-loop waste management. Waste incineration plants are and should be treated as an element of complementing the waste system, taking into account energy recovery in the cogeneration system, but also the limitations arising from taxonomy. The unquestionable advantage of this type of installation is the possibility of producing thermal energy and a more beneficial impact on the environment than the combustion of fossil fuels.


Keywords


municipal waste; energy source; cogeneration; taxonomy

Full Text:

PDF

References


LITERATURE

Biegańska J., Ciuła J., Zintegrowana gospodarka odpadami komunalnymi w Polsce jako element zrównoważonego rozwoju, “Gospodarka Odpadami i Ochrona Środowiska” 2011, vol. 13(1).

Cyranka M., Jurczyk M., Uwarunkowania energetyczne, ekonomiczne i prawne odzysku energii z odpadów komunalnych w ramach układów kogeneracji, “Polityka Energetyczna” 2016, vol. 19(1).

Jerzmański J., Komentarz do art. 1 ustawy o odpadach, [w:] M. Bar, M. Bojarski, M. Duczmal, M. Górski, J. Jerzmański, Ustawa o odpadach. Komentarz, Wrocław 2002.

Jurczyk Ł., Koc-Jurczyk J., Thermal Conversion of Municipal Waste into Energy: Prospects for the Sub-Carpathia, “Journal of Ecological Engineering” 2017, vol. 18(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/68300.

Kamuk B., Waste to Energy in Low and Middle Income Countries, Vienna 2013.

Kazimierowicz J., Legal Regulations and Methods Neutralising Expired Food Products, “Journal of Ecological Engineering” 2018, vol. 19(6), DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/89828.

Kosiński P., Systemy CHP w kontekście biogazowni rolniczych, “Paliwa i Energetyka” 2014, no. 1.

Kowalczyk-Juśko A. et al., Estimation of Potential of Agriculture Biogas Production in the Biała Podlaska County (Poland), “Journal of Ecological Engineering” 2020, vol. 21(8), DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/126986.

Modrzejewski A., „Frakcja energetyczna” pochodząca z odpadów komunalnych, “Przegląd Prawa Ochrony Środowiska” 2016, no. 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/PPOS.2016.001.

Poniatowska A., Andrzejewska-Górecka D.A., Zagospodarowanie pozostałości z termicznego przetwarzania odpadów komunalnych w Polsce, “Quaterly of Environmental Engineering and Design” 2018, vol. 170(50), DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7459.

ONLINE SOURCES

Bizjak D., Barczak P., Wyjaśniamy: Załącznik IVa do Dyrektywy ramowej w sprawie odpadów. Przykłady instrumentów ekonomicznych i innych środków promujących hierarchię postępowania z odpadami, http://www.otzo.most.org.pl/zwe/EEB_Zalacznik_IVa_do_dyrektywy_ramowej_w_sprawie_odpadow.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

Departament Gospodarki Odpadami w Ministerstwie Środowiska, Informacja Ministra Środowiska na temat spalarni odpadów komunalnych i ich miejsca w systemie gospodarki odpadami, 1.4.2019, https://odpady.net.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Informacja-Ministra-%C5%9Arodowiska-na-temat-spalarni-odpad%C3%B3w-komunalnych.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

EU High-Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance, Financing a Sustainable European Economy: Final Report, 2018, https://finance.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2018-01/180131-sustainable-finance-final-report_en.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

EU Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance, Financing a Sustainable European Economy: Taxonomy Technical Report, June 2019, https://finance.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-06/190618-sustainable-finance-teg-report-taxonomy_en.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

Europejski Trybunał Obrachunkowy, Zrównoważone finansowanie – potrzeba bardziej spójnych działań UE, aby przekierować finansowanie na zrównoważone inwestycje, 2021, https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR21_22/SR_sustainable-finance_PL.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

International Energy Agency, Combined Heat and Power: Evaluating the Benefits of Greater Global Investment, 2008, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/d459f7d5-1ba7-49d9-ad56-915fba22f267/chp_report.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

Kwiatkowska J., Czym jest taksonomia UE i jak wpłynie na przedsiębiorców?, 16.11.2020, https://www.atmoterm.pl/czym-jest-taksonomia-ue-i-jak-wplynie-na-przedsiebiorcow (access: 8.12.2023).

Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej, Krajowy Plan Odbudowy i Zwiększania Odporności, Warszawa, kwiecień 2021, https://arrtransformacja.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Krajowy-Plan-Odbudowy-projekt-04.2021r..pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

United Nations, Paris Agreement, 2015, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

Wróbel J., Sołtysik M., Gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego – szanse i wyzwania, https://www.fortum.pl/raport-goz-2020/download (access: 8.12.2023).

Zero Waste Europe, Guidelines for the Implementation of Article 3 (3) of the REDII Regarding Support Schemes for Waste Incineration, October 2019, https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/zero_waste_europe_policy-briefing_REDII_en.pdf (access: 8.12.2023).

LEGAL ACTS

Act of 10 April 1997 – Energy Law (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2021, item 716, as amended).

Act of 27 April 2001 – Environmental Protection Law (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2021, item 1973, as amended).

Act of 14 December 2012 on waste (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2023, item 1587).

Act of 20 February 2015 on renewable energy sources (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2021, item 610, as amended).

Act of 14 December 2018 on the promotion of electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2020, item 250, as amended).

Announcement of the Minister of Climate and Environment of 3 March 2021 on the state energy policy until 2040 (Polish Monitor 2021, item 264).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: The European Green Deal, Brussels, 11.12.2019, COM(2019) 640 final.

Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315/1, 14.11.2012).

Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334/17, 17.12.2010).

Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 (OJ L 198/13, 22.6.2020).




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.371-384
Date of publication: 2023-12-31 14:29:46
Date of submission: 2022-01-13 15:17:10


Statistics


Total abstract view - 603
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF - 0

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Artur K. Modrzejewski

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.