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Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Rola zasady proporcjonalności przy określaniu podmiotowości prawnej w zakresie praw podstawowych
Streszczenie w języku polskim
Podmiotowość prawna w zakresie praw podstawowych daje podmiotowi praw zdolność do wykonywania i egzekwowania praw podstawowych. Przy braku lub przy niepewnym stanie podmiotowości prawnej podmiotu praw występuje potrzeba uzasadnienia takiego stanowiska. W tym zakresie nie da się wskazać ogólnych standardów opartych na doktrynie prawnej i orzecznictwie. W artykule skoncentrowano się na kwestii, czy zasada proporcjonalności mogłaby odgrywać jakąś rolę przy określaniu i uzasadnianiu podmiotowości prawnej w zakresie praw podstawowych. W oparciu o przeanalizowaną literaturę można wyróżnić dwie funkcje analizy proporcjonalności jako mające znaczenie w tym przypadku: wspiera ona uzasadnianie decyzji ograniczającej prawa podstawowe oraz zapobiega arbitralnym decyzjom dotyczącym ograniczenia. Autor stwierdza, że na podstawie funkcji uzasadniania proporcjonalność pełni rolę w określaniu podmiotowości prawnej w zakresie praw podstawowych w przypadku ludzi. W przypadku organizacji autonomicznych oprócz funkcji uzasadniającej można też uwzględnić funkcję dotyczącą wyłączenia decyzji arbitralnych przy jej stosowaniu jako standardu określania podmiotowości prawnej. W przypadku ludzi i organizacji autonomicznych występuje potrzeba negatywnego uzasadnienia ograniczenia podmiotowości prawnej w oparciu o proporcjonalność. W przypadku nowych wyzwań w sporach o prawa podstawowe (np. przyszłe generacje) wymagane jest pozytywne uzasadnienie dla określenia podmiotowości prawnej. Analiza proporcjonalności nie pełni tu żadnej roli w przeciwieństwie do innych standardów wymagających uzasadnienia opartego na racjonalności.
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LEGAL ACTS
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CASE LAW
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.333-358
Data publikacji: 2023-12-31 14:29:43
Data złożenia artykułu: 2023-08-11 17:13:16
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Zoltán Pozsár-Szentmiklósy
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