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Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Standardy prawne dla transgranicznego dostępu do dowodów elektronicznych w postępowaniu karnym. Albańska perspektywa standardów międzynarodowych
Streszczenie w języku polskim
Wraz z rozwojem techniki teleinformatycznej oraz większej komputeryzacji w społeczeństwie wytwarzanie i przesyłanie danych coraz bardziej opiera się na przetwarzaniu w chmurze. Co za tym idzie znaczenie dowodów elektronicznych w postępowaniu karnym wzrasta, obejmując zarówno cyberprzestępczość, jak i przestępstwa tradycyjne. Zważywszy na ponadgraniczny charakter wymiany danych, ponadnarodowe regulacje i współpracę, zbieranie e-dowodów stanowi proces będący wyzwaniem dla postępowania karnego, zwłaszcza gdy wiąże się z konsekwencjami dla praw człowieka. Badając uregulowania prawne Rady Europy oraz Unii Europejskiej dotyczące postępowania z dowodami elektronicznymi, w artykule w szczególności oceniono procedury i zagadnienia prawne dotyczące wymiany danych elektronicznych w ramach różnych jurysdykcji w zakresie postępowania karnego. Skoncentrowano się głównie na doświadczeniach albańskich, obejmując analizą porównawczą przestrzeganie przez Albanię zasad w zakresie dowodów elektronicznych przy zapewnianiu zabezpieczeń w ramach ochrony danych w postępowaniu karnym.
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LITERATURE
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Brouwer E., Mutual Trust and Human Rights in the AFSJ: In Search of Guidelines for National Courts, “European Papers” 2016, vol. 1.
Cami G., Administration of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Regulatory Framework in Albania, “Journal of International Institute for Strategic Research International Students. Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference Papers” 2023.
Carrera S., Geyer F., The Reform Treaty and Justice and Home Affairs – Implications for the Common Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, “Centre for European Policy Studies” 2007, vol. 141.
Carrera S., González Fuster G., Guild E., Mitsilegas V., Access to Electronic Data by Third-Country Law Enforcement Authorities: Challenges to EU Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights, Brussels 2015.
De Busser E., The Digital Unfitness of Mutual Legal Assistance, “Security and Human Rights” 2018, vol. 28(1–4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02801008.
Juszczak A., Sason E., The Use of Electronic Evidence in the European Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice: An Introduction to the New EU Package on E-evidence, “Eucrim” 2023, no. 2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30709/eucrim-2023-014.
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Karsai K., Division of Competences between Member States and the European Union in Criminal Procedural Law, “XXVII Fide Congress” 2016, vol. 32.
Mitsilegas V., The Privatisation of Mutual Trust in Europe’s Area of Criminal Justice: The Case of E-evidence, “Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law” 2018, vol. 25(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X18792240.
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Topalnakos P., Critical Issues in the New EU Regulation on Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings, “Eucrim” 2023, no. 2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30709/eucrim-2023-015.
Tosza S., Gathering Electronic Evidence for Administrative Investigations, “Eucrim” 2023, no. 2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30709/eucrim-2023-018.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime, New York 2013.
Wahl T., Commission Proposes Legislative Framework for E-Evidence, “Eucrim” 2018, no. 1.
ONLINE SOURCES
AccessNow, Access Now’s Comments on the Draft 2nd Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, 30.4.2021, https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a25783 (access: 12.12.2024).
Alimonti V., Assessing New Protocol to the Cybercrime Convention in Latin America: Concerns, Human Rights Considerations, and Mitigation Strategies, 2022, https://necessaryandproportionate.org/files/protocol-cybercrime-convention-latam.pdf (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Bars and Law Societies Europe, CCBE Comments on the Draft 2nd Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on Enhanced Cooperation and Disclosure of Electronic Evidence, 30.4.2021, https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a25786 (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Bars and Law Societies Europe, CCBE Position on the Commission Proposal for a Regulation on European Production and Preservation Orders for Electronic Evidence in Criminal Matters, 19.10.2018, https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/SURVEILLANCE/SVL_Position_papers/EN_SVL_20181019_CCBE-position-on-Commission-proposal-Regulation-on-European-Production-and-Preservation-Orders-for-e-evidence.pdf (access: 12.12.2024).
Council of Europe, Assessment Report on Obtaining and Using Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings Under Domestic Legislation in South-Eastern Europe and Turkey, 5.3.2018, https://rm.coe.int/3156-52-iproceeds-electronic-evidence-report-eng/16807bdfdf (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Europe, Joining the Convention on Cybercrime: Benefits, 8.2.2024, https://rm.coe.int/cyber-buda-benefits-8-february-2024-en-2776-0534-0937-v-1/1680ae70ee (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Europe, T-CY Assessment Report: The Mutual Legal Assistance Provisions of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, https://rm.coe.int/16802e726c (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Europe, The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime: Benefits and Impact in Practice, Strasbourg, 13.7.2020, https://rm.coe.int/t-cy-2020-16-bc-benefits-rep-provisional/16809ef6ac (access: 10.12.2024).
Council of Europe, Worldwide Capacity Building, https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/capacity-building-programmes (access: 12.12.2024).
Cybercrime Programme Office of the Council of Europe, Standard Operating Procedures for the Collection, Analysis and Presentation of Electronic Evidence, 12.9.2019, https://rm.coe.int/3692-sop-electronic-evidence/168097d7cb (access: 10.12.2024).
European Commission, Frequently Asked Questions: New EU Rules to Obtain Electronic Evidence, 17.4.2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_18_3345?gclid=CjwKCAiA_aGuBhACEiwAly57McBWp6fAuIri3Hwc9lsVHVNHRqij3Bdz5kERTjzM_R-YrNvy19l6BRoCND4QAvD_BwE (access: 12.12.2024).
European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on European Production and Preservation Orders for Electronic Evidence in Criminal Matters, Strasbourg, 17.4.2018, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018PC0225 (access: 12.12.2024).
European Data Protection Board, EDPB Contribution to the 6th Round of Consultations on the Draft Second Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, Brussels, 4.5.2021, https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a26108 (access: 12.12.2024).
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European Data Protection Board, Opinion 7/2019: EDPS Opinion on Proposals Regarding European Production and Preservation Orders for Electronic Evidence in Criminal Matters, 6.11.2019, https://www.edps.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publication/19-11-06_opinion_on_e_evidence_proposals_en.pdf (access: 12.12.2024).
Jones N., George E., Mérida F.I., Rasmussen U., Völzow V., Electronic Evidence Guide: A Basic Guide for Police Officers, Prosecutors and Judges, Strasbourg 2019, https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a22757 (access: 10.12.2024).
Pim A., Pascal B., Bohnert J.-F., Böse M., Langbroek P., Renier A., Wahl T., Towards a Common Evaluation Framework to Assess Mutual Trust in the Field of EU Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters, March 2013, https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/reports/2013/09/27/short-version-of-the-final-report-towards-a-common-evaluation-framework-to-assess-mutual-trust-in-the-field-of-judicial-coopera/j-19875-web-samenvatting-engels-bhoendie.pdf (access: 12.12.2024).
LEGAL ACTS
Constitution of the Republic of Albania of 21 October 1998.
Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, Strasbourg, 28.1.1981, ETS No. 108.
Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23.11.2001, ETS No. 185.
Council Decision 2002/187/JHA of 28 February 2002 setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime (OJ L 63/1, 6.3.2002).
Council Decision 2009/820/CFSP of 23 October 2009 on the conclusion on behalf of the European Union of the Agreement on extradition between the European Union and the United States of America and the Agreement on mutual legal assistance between the European Union and the United States of America (OJ EU L 291/40, 7.11.2009).
Council Decision 2010/616/EU of 7 October 2010 on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Union and Japan on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters (OJ EU L 271/3, 15.10.2010).
Council Framework Decision 2002/465/JHA of 13 June 2002 on joint investigation teams (OJ L 162/1, 20.6.2002).
Criminal Procedural Code of Albania of 21 March 1995.
Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (OJ EU L 201/37, 31.7.2002).
Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters (OJ EU L 130/1, 1.5.2014).
Regulation (EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) (OJ EU L 135/53, 24.5.2016).
Regulation (EU) 2023/1543 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 on European Production Orders and European Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal proceedings and for the execution of custodial sentences following criminal proceedings (OJ EU L 191/118, 28.7.2023).
Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on enhanced cooperation and disclosure of electronic evidence, Strasbourg, 12.5.2022, CETS No. 224.
Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part (OJ EU L 107/166, 28.4.2009).
CASE LAW
Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Albania of 17 June 2010, No. 30.
Judgment of the Supreme Court of Albania of 20 January 2011, No. 1.
Judgment of the Supreme Court of Albania of 21 December 2021, No. 22.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2024.33.5.11-30
Data publikacji: 2024-12-31 10:51:35
Data złożenia artykułu: 2024-04-16 11:02:52
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Giola Cami
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