Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Harm Reduction Model in Mexico’s Drug Policy
Abstract
Harm reduction is an approach in drug policy based on health issues and human rights. The aim of this article is to present the essence of the harm reduction model, as well as its implementation in Mexico after the year 2006. The study is an attempt to answer the following research questions: firstly, what is the scale of psychoactive drugs consumption in Mexico - and what goes with it – its negative health implications; secondly, to what extent does the Mexican drug policy takes account of aspects related to public health? This analysis proves that Mexico lacks a comprehensive harm reduction strategy and the main role in implementing this model is played by civil society organisations.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bonello, D. (November 1, 2019). Ozy Investigation: America’s opioid crisis heads south to Mexico. Ozy. Retrieved June 07, 2021, from https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/ozy-investigation-americas-fentanyl-crisis-heads-south-to-mexico/227967/
CNDH (August 21, 2009). Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM-028-SSA2-2009, Para la prevención, tratamiento y control de las adicciones. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.cndh.org.mx/DocTR/2016/JUR/A70/01/JUR-20170331-NOR20.pdf
CONADIC (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco, ENCODAT 2016-2017. Reporte de Drogas. p. 50, 56, 115, Retrieved June 4, 2021, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zIPBiYB3625GBGIW5BX0TT_YQN73eWhR/view
CONADIC (July 17, 2019). Informe sobre la situación del consumo de drogas en México y suatención integral 2019. p. 44. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/477564/Informe_sobre_la_situacio_n_de_las_drogas_en_Me_xico_.pdf
Diario Oficial de la Federación (July 12, 2019). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2019-2024. Retrieved June 18, 2021, from http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5565599&fecha=12/07/2019
Diario Oficial de la Federación (August 20, 2009). Ley General de Salud. Retrieved June 9, 2021, from http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5106093&fecha=20/08/2009
Diario Oficial de la Federación (May 28, 2021). Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Retrieved June 9, 2021, from http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1_280521.pdf
EMCDDA (2017). Evaluating drug policy: a seven-step guide to support the commissioning and managing of evaluations. p. 3. Retrieved June 6, 2021, from https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/4680/td0417390enn1.pdf
Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017 (2017). Consumo de drogas: prevalencias globales, tendencias y variaciones estatales. Retrieved June 4, 2021, from https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/234856/CONSUMO_DE_DROGAS.pdf
Fleiz-Bautista, C. & Domínguez-García, M. & Villatoro-Velázquez, JA. et al. (2019). Cuqueando la Chiva: Contextos del consumo de heroína en la frontera norte de México… INPRFM, pp. 61, 68, 90, 93, 162. Retrieved June 5, 2021, from https://www.issup.net/files/2020-11/Cuqueando-la-Chiva-Contextos-del-consumo-de-heroina-en-la-frontera-norte-de-Mexico.pdf
Global Fund (2021). Data Explorer. Mexico. Retrieved June 14, 2021, from https://data.theglobalfund.org/investments/location/MEX
Harm Reduction International (2020). Global State of Harm Reduction 2020. p. 100. Retrieved June 5, 2021, from https://www.hri.global/files/2021/03/04/Global_State_HRI_2020_BOOK_FA_Web.pdf
Harm Reduction International (2021). What is harm reduction? Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://www.hri.global/what-is-harm-reduction
Hernández, A.P. (2010). Leyes de drogas y cárceles en América Latina, Legislación de drogas y situación carcelaria – El caso de México, Reformas a las leyes de drogas en América Latina, Documento de trabajo, capítulo México, WOLA. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.wola.org/sites/default/files/downloadable/Drug%20Policy/2011/6-3/sistemas_
sobrecargados-completo_mexico.pdf
Jargiełło, A. (2018). Założenia strategii bezpieczeństwa Felipe Calderona i Enrique Peñi Nieto w zakresie zwalczania przestępczości zorganizowanej w Meksyku. Ameryka Łacińska, vol. 99, no 1. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from http://amerykalacinska.com/ojs/index.php/al/article/view/932/775
Krajewski, K. (2001). Sens i bezsens prohibicji. Prawo karne wobec narkotyków i narkomanii (pp. 69–70). Zakamycze: Kantor Wydawniczy Zakamycze.
Lopez, O. (July 14, 2021). México se dispone a legalizar la marihuana y a convertirse en el mayor mercado del Mundo. The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/es/2021/03/10/espanol/mexico-ley-cannabis.html
Mackey, T.K., Werb, D., Beletsky, L. et al. (2014). Mexico’s “ley de narcomenudeo” drug policy reform and the international drug control regime. Harm Reduction Journal, vol. 31 no. 11. Retrieved June 9, 2021, from https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-11-31#citeas
Magis-Rodríguez, C., García-Sánchez, J.A. & Marín-Navarrete, R. (2018). Harm reduction among people who inject drugs in Mexico. Salud Mental, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 155. Retrieved June 14, 2021, from http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/sm/v41n4/0185-3325-sm-41-04-153.pdf
Méndez, J.S. (2020). La contracción del gasto per cápita en salud: 2010–2020. Centro de Investigación Económica y Presupuestaria, A. C. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://ciep.mx/la-contraccion-del-gasto-per-capita-en-salud-2010-2020/
Michalewski, B. (2021). Ograniczanie szkód zdrowotnych i praca z użytkownikami narkotyków w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Serwis informacyjny UZALEŻNIENIA, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 26–27. Retrieved June 2, 2021, from https://www.siu.praesterno.pl/artykul/698
Motyka, M. & Marcinkowski, J.T. (2014). Dlaczego zażywali środki psychoaktywne? Cz. I Rola i znaczenie środków psychoaktywnych w kulturze: od Pradziejów do początku XX wieku. Probl Hig Epidemiol, vol. 95, no 2. Retrived June 4, 2021, from http://www.phie.pl/pdf/phe-2014/phe-2014-2-223.pdf
National Institute on Drug Abuse (March 11, 2021). Opioid Overdose Crisis. Retrieved June 6, 2021, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis
Nieto, N. (2018). The development of narcotrafficking and corruption in Mexico. Anuario Latinoamericano Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, vol. 6. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://journals.umcs.pl/al/article/view/8722/6067
Ospina-Escobar, A. (June 11, 2019). La reducción de daños en México: entre el milagro y el malabar. Nexos. Retrieved June 15, 2021, from https://economia.nexos.com.mx/la-reduccion-de-danos-en-mexico-entre-el-milagro-y-el-malabar/
Ospina-Escobar, A. (September 23, 2019). What Happens When Harm Reduction Strategies Are Not Supported by National Governments? Lessons from Mexico. Rockeffeler Institute of Government. Retrieved July 15, 2021, from https://rockinst.org/blog/what-happens-when-harm-reduction-strategies-are-not-supported-by-national-governments-lessons-from-mexico/
UN (2020). World Drug Report 2020. p. 1. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://wdr.unodc.org/uploads/wdr2020/documents/WDR20_Booklet_2.pdf
UN ODCCP (2000). Demand reduction: a Glossary of Terms. p. 23. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/report_2000-11-30_1.pdf
UNAIDS (2019). Health, rights and drugs: harm reduction, decriminalization and zero discrimination for people who use drugs. pp. 2, 17. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2954_UNAIDS_drugs_report_2019_en.pdf
Valenzuela-Lara, M.; Ponce-Ramos, M.; Ruiz-Herrera, K. et al. (2019). Impact of funding harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs in Mexico. Salud Mental, vol. 42 no. 4, pp. 160-161. Retrieved June 16, 2021, from http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/sm/v42n4/0185-3325-sm-42-04-00157.pdf
Zamecka, J. (2018). Środki prawnokarne w przeciwdziałaniu problemom narkotykowym. In J. Kwaśniewski (Ed.), Nauki o polityce publicznej: Monografia dyscypliny (pp. 112–115). Warszawa: Instytut Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji UW.
Zedillo Ponce de León, E.; Pérez Correa González, C.; Madrazo Lajous, A. et al (2019). La política de drogas en México: causa de una tragedia nacional. Una propuesta radical e indispensable para remediarla. CIDE, p. 42. Retrieved June 14, 2021, from https://politicadedrogas.org/documentos/20190123_113445_zedillo_et_al._2019._tragedia_nacional
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/al.2021.11.131-145
Date of publication: 2021-11-05 00:24:26
Date of submission: 2021-08-23 13:42:07
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.