Hide
Show all
Email this article Comparison of the Concept of Envy in Generations X, Y and Z
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the concept of envy in different generations. The study was conducted in a group of 247 Polish subjects (including 157 women, 90 men) representing Generations Z, Y and X. It was hypothesized that the concept of envy differs between the generations. An emotional verbal fluency task was used. The words given by the subjects were examined for semantic clusters, as well as the total number of words related to the concept of envy and valence of envy. A multivariate analysis showed that more words related to other persons were given by the subjects from Generation Z. In Generation X, the cluster “positive manifestations” did not appear. Factor analysis was conducted to obtain the structure of the concept in each generation separately. The results show that both malicious and nonmalicious envy is present in the concept of this emotion in Generation Z and Generation Y. In Generation X, the concept of envy reflects only malicious envy. The results were discussed by reference to the general characteristics of these generations and the specificity of Generation X in Poland.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Brailovskaia, J., Bierhoff, H.-W. (2018). The narcissistic millennial generation: A study of personality traits and online behavior on Facebook. Journal of Adult Development, 27, 23-35. doi:10.1007/s10804-018-9321-1
Buunk, B.P., Bringle, R.G. (1987). Jealousy in love relationships. In: D. Perlman, S. Duck (ed.), Intimate Relationships: Development, Dynamics and Deterioration (pp. 123-147). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Clanton, G. (2006). Jealousy and envy. In: J.E. Stets, J.H. Turner (eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (pp. 410-422). New York: Springer.
Falcon, R.G. (2015). Is envy categorical or dimensional? An empirical investigation using taxometric analysis. Emotion, 15, 694–698. doi:10.1037/emo0000102
Fehr, B. (2005). The role of prototype in interpersonal cognition. In: M.W. Baldwin (ed.), Interpersonal Cognition (pp. 180–206). New York: Guilford Press.
Gawda, B. (2017). Struktura pojęć emocjonalnych. Wykorzystanie technik fluencji werbalnej. Lublin: UMCS Edition.
Gawda, B. (2019). The structure of the concepts related to love spectrum. Emotional verbal fluency technique application, initial psychometrics, and its validation. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 48, 1339-1361. doi:10.1007/s10936-019-09661-y
Gawda, B., Szepietowska, E. (2013). Impact of unconscious emotional schemata on verbal fluency - sex differences and neural mechanisms. NeuroQuantology, 11, 443–450. doi: 10.14704/nq.2013.11.3.668
Gawda, B., Szepietowska, E. (2016). Trait anxiety modulates brain activity during performance of verbal fluency tasks. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 1-15. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00010
Grubb, V.M. (2017). Clash of the Generations: Managing the New Workplace Reality. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Haslam, N., Bornstein, B.H. (1996). Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis. Motivation and Emotion, 20, 255–272. doi:10.1007/BF02251889
Howe, N., Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials rising: the next Greatest Generation. New York: Vintage Books
Kozłowski, M. (2012). Employer branding: Budowanie wizerunku pracodawcy krok po kroku. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.
Linne, J. (2014). Two generations of digital natives. Intercom: Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação, 37, 203-220. doi:10.1590/1809-584420149
Niedenthal, P. (2008). Emotion concepts. In: H. Lewis, J. Haviland-Jones, L. F. Barrett (eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 587–600). New York: Guilford Press.
Oblinger, D.G., Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Is it age or IT: First steps toward understanding the Net Generation. In: D.G. Oblinger, J.L. Oblinger (eds.), Educating the Net Generation (pp. 2.1-2.20). Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE. Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/educating-net-generation
Parrott, W.G. (1991). The emotional experiences of envy and jealousy. In: P. Salovey (ed.), The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy (pp. 3‐30). New York: Guilford Press.
Parrott, W.G. (2001). The emotional experiences of envy and jealousy. In: W. G. Parrot (ed.), Emotions in Social Psychology: Essential Readings (pp. 306-320). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Parrott, W.G., Smith, R.H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 906-920. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants: Part 1. On the Horizon, 9, 1–6. doi: 10.1108/10748120110424816
Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sacharin, V., Schlegel, K., Scherer, K.R. (2012). Geneva Emotion Wheel rating study (Report). Geneva, Switzerland: University of Geneva, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences.
Salovey, P., Rodin, J. (1991). Provoking jealousy and envy: Domain relevance and self-esteem threat. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 395-413. doi: 10.1521/jscp.1991.10.4.395
Salovey, P., Rothman, A.J. (1991). Envy and jealousy: Self and society. In: P. Salovey (ed.), The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy (pp. 271-286). New York: The Guilford Press.
Scherer, K.R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44, 695-729. doi:10.1177/0539018405058216
Schewe, D.C., Debevec, K., Madden, T.J., Diamond, W.D., Parment, A., Murphy, A. (2013). “If you've seen one, you've seen them all!” Are young Millennials the same worldwide? Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 25, 3-15. doi:10.1080/08961530.2013.751791
Scholz, C. (2019). The Generations Z in Europe – An introduction. In: C. Scholz, A. Rennig (eds.), Generations Z in Europe. The Changing Context of Managing People (pp. 3-31). Bringley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., O'Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061-1086. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061
Smith, R.H. (2000). Assimilative and contrastive emotional reactions to upward and downward social comparisons. In: J. Suls, L. Wheeler (eds.), Handbook of Social Comparison (pp. 173-200). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Smith, R.H., Kim, S.H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 46-64. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46
Sterling, C., Van de Ven, N. Smith, R.H. (2016). The two faces of envy: Studying benign and malicious envy in the workplace. In: R.H. Smith, U. Merlone, M.K. Duffy (eds.), Envy at Work and in Organizations: Research, Theory, and Applications (pp. 57-84). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190228057.003.0003
Storm, C., Storm, T. (1987). A taxonomic study of the vocabulary of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 805-816. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.805
Strauss, W., Howe, N. (1991). Generations. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
Tapscott, D. (2009). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Turner, J.H. (2014). The evolution of human emotions. In: J.E. Stets, J.H. Turner (eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions: Volume II (pp. 11–32). New York: Springer.
Twenge, J.M., Campbell, W.K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic - Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York: Free Press.
Twenge, J.M., Konrath, S., Foster, J.D., Campbell, W.K., Bushman, B.J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875–901. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x
Tyshchenko, O. (2019). The conceptualization of emotions and axiological concepts in Slavonic proverbs and idioms: From conscience to envy. Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences, 29, 248-271. doi:10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-18.
van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M. (2020). Envy and social comparison. In: J. Suls, R.L. Collins, L. Wheeler (eds.), Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior (pp. 226-250). New York: Oxford University Press.
van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., Pieters, R. (2009). Leveling up and down: The experience of benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 9, 419-429. doi:10.1037/a0015669
White, G.L. (1981). A model of romantic jealousy. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 295-310. doi:10.1007/BF00992549
White, G.L., Mullen, P.E. (1989). Jealousy: Theory, Research and Clinical Srategies. New York: Guilford.
Wojciszke, B. (2004). The negative social world: The Polish culture of complaining. International Journal of Sociology, 34, 38-59. doi:10.1080/00207659.2004.11043140
Woodman, D. (2016). The sociology of generations and youth studies. In: A. Furlong (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood (pp. 20-26). Abingdon: Routledge.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2020.33.3.33-47
Date of publication: 2020-10-31 02:03:54
Date of submission: 2020-04-20 13:21:00
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Paulina Banaszkiewicz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.