Individualism versus culturalism in bioethics - based on developments in North America

Agata Strządała

Abstract


The article focuses on tensions between cultural and individualistic tendencies in the North American bioethical discourse. Described and analyzed are examples of how culturalism developed in US and Canadian bioethics. Bioethics based on the concept of the patient’s autonomy is usually associated with Western culture, while culturalism as such is generally attributed to cultural bioethics evolved in other parts of the world, notably in Latin America, Asia and Africa. However, contrary to such a notion, an analysis of this phenomenon indicates that a culturalistic approach to bioethics is not alien to western countries as it has been combined there with group, sub-cultural or national identity formation processes. Bioethics is indeed becoming a medium of producing, strengthening and shaping cultural differences.


Keywords


cultural bioethics; patient’s autonomy; culturalism

Full Text:

PDF (Język Polski)

References


Appadurai, Arjun. „Putting hierarchy in its place.” Cultural Anthropology, 1988, nr 3: 36–49.

Appadurai, Arjun. Nowoczesność bez granic. Kulturowe wymiary globalizacji. Tłum. Zbigniew Pucek. Kraków: Universitas, 2005.

Assmann, Jan. Pamięć kulturowa. Tłum. Anna Kryczyńska-Pham. Warszawa: WUW, 2008.

Aviv, Rachel. „What does it mean to die?” New York Times. 05.02.2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/02/05/what-does-it-mean-to-die (dostęp: 30.07.2018).

Azetsop, Jacquineau. „New Direction in African Bioethics: Ways of Including Public Health Concerns in the Bioethical Agenda.” Developing World Bioethics 11, nr 1 (2011): 4–15.

Beauchamp, Tom, James F. Childress. Biomedical Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Becker, Carl B. „Problem of “Principlism” in WASP Bioethics.” W: Bioethics in Asia. The Proceedings of the UNESCO Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC’97) and the WHO-assisted Satellite Symposium on Medical Genetics Services, 3-8 Nov, 1997 in Kobe/Fukui, Japan. red. Norio Fujiki, Daryl Macer, 77–80. Christchurch: Eubios, 1998.

Biedrzycki, Mariusz. „Eksperymenty biomedyczne na ludziach.” Znak, 1996, nr 12: 65.

Bleich, David J. „Establishing Criteria of Death.” W: Jewish Bioethics, red. Fred Rosner, David J. Bleich, 277–295. New York: Hebrew Publishing Company, 1983.

Cranford, Ronald E. „A common Uniqueness: Medical Facts in the Schiavo Case.” W: The Case of Terri Schiavo. Ethics, Politics, and Death in the 21st Century, red. Kenneth Goodman, 112–136. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Eisenberg, Jon B. „The Continuing Assault on Personal Autonomy in the Wake of the Schaiavo Case.” W: The Case of Terri Schiavo. Ethics, Politics, and Death in the 21st Century, red. Kenneth Goodman, 101–110. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Erickson, Stephen A. „Family Life, Bioethics and Confucianism.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 47–58. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.

Engelhardt, Tristan H. „The Family in Transition and in Authority. The Impact of Biotechnology.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 27–45. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.

Fan, Ruiping. „Confucian Familism and Its Bioethical Implications.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 15–26. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.

Frolic, Andrea, Coughlin, Michela D. Keating, Bernard. „The Dominion of Bioethics. Nationalism and Canadian Bioethics.” W: Bioethics around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 191–215. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Garcia, Jorge L.A. „Revisiting African American Perspectives on Biomedical Ethics: Distinctiveness and Other Questions.” W: African American Bioethics. Culture, Race, and Identity, red. Lawrence Prograis, Edmund D. Pellegrino, 1-24. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2007.

Goldberg, David T. Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader. Londyn-Nowy Jork: Routledge, 1994.

Iltis, Ana S. „Bioethics and the Culture Wars.” Christian Bioethics 17, nr 1 (2011): 9–24.

Ip, Po-Keung. „Confucian Personhood and Bioethics.” W: Bioethics: Asian Perspectives, red. Ren-Zong Qiu, 49–56. London-Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Legarda Calderón, Germán A. „A Critical Reading of Latin American Bioethics.” W: Ibero-American Bioethics. History and Perspectives, red. Leo Pessini, Christian De Paul de Barchifontaine, Fernando Lolas Stepke, 359–368. New York: Springer, 2010.

Mainetti, José Alberto. „The Discourses of Bioethics in Latin America.” W: Ibero-American Bioethics. History and Perspectives, red. Leo Pessini, Christian De Paul de Barchifontaine, Fernando Lolas Stepke. Tłum. Jeniffer Bulcock, Adail Sobral, Maria S. Gonçalves, 21–27. New York: Springer, 2010.

Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph, Masiye, Francis. „Toward an African Ubuntulogy/uMunthology Bioethics in Malawi in The Context of Globalization.” W: Bioethics around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 151–163. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Onuoha, Chikezie. Bioethics Across Borders. An African Perspective. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2007.

Penistone, Reginald L. „Does an African American Perspective Alter Clinical Ethical Decision Making at the Bedside.” W: African American Bioethics. Culture, Race, and Identity, red. Lawrence Prograis, Edmund D. Pellegrino, 127–136. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2007.

Singer, Peter. O życiu i śmierci. Upadek etyki tradycyjnej. Tłum. Anna Alichniewicz. Warszawa: PIW, 1997.

Strządała, Agata. „Pojęcie rasy w bioetyce afro amerykańskiej.” Tematy z Szewskiej 3, nr 3 (2014): 9–22.

Sy, Peter A. „Doing Bioethics in the Philippines: Challenges and Intersections of Culture(s) and Medicine(s),” W: The Proceedings of the UNESCO Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC’97) and the WHO-assisted Satellite Symposium on Medical Genetics Services, 3-8 Nov, 1997 in Kobe/Fukui, Japan, red. Norio Fujiki, Daryl Macer, 103–106. Christchurch: Eubios, 1998.

Tan-Alora, Angeles, Lumitao, Josephine M. „An Introduction to an Authentically Non-Western Bioethics.” W: Beyond a Western Bioethics, red. Angeles Tan-Alora, Josephine M. Lumitao, 2–20. Waszyngton: Georgetown University Press, 2001.

Tan-Alora, Angeles, Tiong, Danilo Josephine M. Lumitao. „The Family versus the Individual: Family Planning.” W: Beyond a Western Bioethics, red. Angeles Tan-Alora, Josephine M. Lumitao, 30–39. Waszyngton: Georgetown University Press, 2001.

Trompenaars, Alfons, Hampden-Turner, Charles. Siedem wymiarów kultury: znaczenie róż-nic kulturowych w działalności gospodarczej. Tłum. Bogumiła Nawrot. Kraków: Oficyna Ekonomiczna, 2002.

de Vries, Raymond, Rott, Leslie. „Bioethics as Missionary Work. The export of Western Ethics to Developing Countries.” W: Bioethics Around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 3–18. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/29/health/jahi-mcmath-brain-dead-teen-death/index.html (dostęp 30.07.2018).




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/kw.2018.26.221-246
Date of publication: 2019-01-22 00:30:39
Date of submission: 2018-08-30 09:21:15


Statistics


Total abstract view - 1195
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF (Język Polski) - 0

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Agata Strządała

License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.pl