Military consequences of economic sanctions against Russia

Nika Czitadze

Аннотация


The military Industry of Russia is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Russia. Before the Russia-Ukraine war, the number of employees in the defense industry was about 23.5% of the total number of employees in the country. About 2 million people produced direct weapons and military equipment.  It is also a significant player in the global arms market, with Russian Federation being the second largest conventional arms exporter after the United States, with more than $13 billion worth of exports annually within the second decade of the XXI Century. At the same time, due to the economic sanctions and unsuccessful military operation in Ukraine, Russia’s military capabilities have suffered irreparable losses after Eight months of the war. In this regard, the question is the following: Is the military-industrial complex in Russia ready to recover the lost weaponry fast enough? According to the experts, the country needs at least 10 years to make up for the losses.


Ключевые слова


Russia, Military – Industrial Complex, Economic Sanctions, military trade

Полный текст:

PDF (English)

Литература


AA Economy, 2020. EU countries export arms to Russia despite the embargo during 2015-2020. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/eu-countries-export-arms-to-russia-despite-embargo-during-2015-2020/2543490

Aljazeera, 2022. Infographic: Which countries buy the most Russian weapons? Retrieved from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/9/infographic-which-countries-buy-the-most-russian-weapons

Atlantic Council. 2022. “Russia Crisis Military Assessment: Russia is Forced to Make a Major Shift in Strategy”. Retrieved from: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russia-crisismilitary-assessment-russia-is-forced-to-make-a-major-shift-in-strategy/

Banerjee V., Tkach B. 2022. “After Ukraine, where will India Buy its Weapons?”. Warontherocks. Retrieved from: https://warontherocks.com/2022/04/after-ukraine-where-will-india-buy-itsweapons/

Brillaud L., Curic A., Maggiore M., Minano L., Schmidt N. 2022. “EU Member States Exported Weapons to Russia after the 2014 Embargo”. Investigate Europe. Retrieved from: https://www.investigateeurope.eu/en/2022/eu-states-exported-weapons-to-russia/

Congressional Research Service. 2021. “Russian Arms Sales and Defence Industry”. Retrieved from: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46937

Deutsch J. 2022. “Western Sanctions are ‘Beginning to Bite’ Into Russia’s Military”. Foreign Policy Journal. Retrieved from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/12/western-sanctions-are-beginningto-bite-into-russias-military/

Ergocun G. 2022. “EU Countries Export Arms to Russia Despite Embargo During 2015-2020”. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/eu-countries-export-arms-to-russiadespite-embargo-during-2015-2020/2543490

Grzegorczyk M., Marcus J., Poitiers N., Weil p. 2022. “The Decoupling of Russia: High-Tech Goods and Components”. Bruegel. Retrieved from: https://www.bruegel.org/2022/03/the-decoupling-ofrussia-high-tech-goods-and-components/ 20

Karpukhin S. 2019. “Import Substitution in Russia's Defense Industry Remains a Problem, Says Top Prosecutor”. Russian News Agency. Retrieved from: https://tass.com/defense/1070976

Kasapoglu C. 2022. “The Russia Defense Industry: A Distressed Brand”. Hudson Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.hudson.org/research/17754-the-russian-defense-industry-a-distressed-brand

Khanyile M. 2022. “Sanctions Against Russia will Affect Arms Sales to Africa: The Risks and Opportunities”. The Conversation. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/sanctions-againstrussia-will-affect-arms-sales-to-africa-the-risks-and-opportunities-180038

Kondratenko T. 2020. “Russian Arms Export to Africa: Moscow’s Long-Term Strategy”. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved from: https://www.dw.com/en/russian-arms-exports-to-africa-moscows-longterm-strategy/a-53596471

Menon Sh. 2022. “Ukraine Crisis: Could India Cut its Defense Ties with Russia?”. BBC. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61274042

Ringhof J. 2022. “How Technology Sanctions Can Help Counter the Threat from Russia”. European Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from https://ecfr.eu/article/give-and-tech-howtechnology-sanctions-can-help-counter-the-threat-from-russia/

SIPRI Yearbook 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved from: HTTPS:// www.sipri.org/yearbook/2021

Statista, 2021. Military spending in Russia from 1993 to 2021. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1203160/military-expenditure-russia/

Storey I. 2022. “The Rusia-Ukraine War and its Potential Impact on Russia’s Arms Sales to Southeast Asia”. Yusof Ishak Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/ ideas-perspective/2022-47-the-Russia-Ukraine-war-and-its-potential-impact-on-Russias-arms sales-to-southeast-Asia-by-ian-storey/

Trevelyan M., Gronholt-Pedersen J. 2022. “Analysis: Even with Sanctions, Russia Can Afford to Feed its War Machine”. Reuters. Retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/even-withsanctions-russia-can-afford-feed-its-war-machine-2022-04-12/

U.S. Department of The Treasury. 2022. “U.S. Treasury Sanctions Russia’s Defense-Industrial Base, the Russian Duma and its Members, and Sberbank CEO”. Retrieved from: https://home.treasury.gov/ news/press-releases/jy0677

Wilkie Ch. 2022. “U.S. Sanctions Global Network of Firms Helping the Russian Military Evade Export Controls”. CNBC. Retrieved from: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/31/us-sanctions-a-globalnetwork-helping-russian-military-evade-export-controls-.html

World Bank. 2020. “Military Expenditure of Russian Federation”. Retrieved from: https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=RU




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/we.2022.8.2.173-191
Date of publication: 2023-03-30 08:34:57
Date of submission: 2023-03-02 20:37:05


статистика


Видимость рефератов - 357
загрузки (из 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 0

показатели



Ссылки

  • На текущий момент ссылки отсутствуют.


(c) 2023

Лицензия Creative Commons
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.