Arbor Mundi in traditional oral poetry: Old Icelandic and Lithuanian perspectives

Giedrė Buivytė

Аннотация


The article discusses the world tree as reflected in the Old Icelandic collection of poems the Poetic Edda and in Lithuanian folk songs. The author investigates the poetic diction of the selected sources of traditional oral poetry to disclose their symbolic meaning and connection to myth. The analysis focuses on the poetic manifestations of the world tree as a model of the cosmos and as an evergreen tree of life. The selected Eddic poems and Lithuanian folk songs reveal the significance of the world tree as a structural marker, which defines the relationship of the centre vs. periphery, i.e., the known (organised) vs. the unknown (chaotic) space. The emphasis on the tree’s upward orientation is viewed as an implication of its sacred status. The life-giving characteristics of the world tree are explored in relation to the image of dew, which symbolises the fertility and fecundity of nature in the Poetic Edda and the health and fertility of the bride in Lithuanian folk songs.


Ключевые слова


world tree, traditional oral poetry, Lithuanian folk songs, the Poetic Edda

Полный текст:

PDF (English)

Литература


Balys, Jonas. 2000. Raštai. Vol. 2. Vilnius: LLTI.

Beresnevičius, Gintaras. 1990. Dausos. Klaipeda: Ryto spaustuve.

Beresnevičius, Gintaras. 1998. Kosmosas ir šventvietes lietuviu ir prusu religijose. In Darbai ir dienos, 6(15): 9–50.

Beresnevičius, Gintaras. 2019. Lietuviu religija ir mitologija. Vilnius: Tyto Alba.

Clunies Ross, Margaret. 1994. Prolonged echoes. Old Norse myths in medieval northern society. Odense: Odense University Press.

Clunies Ross, Margaret. 2000. The conservation and reinterpretation of myth in medieval icelandic writings. In Old Icelandic literature and society, ed. Margaret Clunies Ross. 116–139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dronke, Ursula, trans., ed. 1997. The Poetic Edda. Vol. II. Mythological poems. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Gurevich, Aron. 1969. Space and time in the Weltmodell of the Old Scandinavian peoples. Mediaeval Scandinavia 2: 42–53.

Laurinkiene, Nijole. 1990. Mito atšvaitai lietuviu kalendorinese dainose. Vilnius: Vaga.

Laurinkiene, Nijole. 2000. Devyniaragio elnio semantikos akcentai. Liaudies kultura 70(1): 30–33.

Lindow, John. 2002. Norse mythology: A guide to gods, heroes, rituals, and beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Meletinsky, Eleazar M. 1968. “Edda” u rannye formy eposa. Issledovanya po teorii i istorii epoca. Moskva: Nauka.

Murphy, G. Ronald. 2013. Tree of salvation. Yggdrasil and the cross in the north. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ricoeur, Paul. 1995. Figuring the sacred. Religion, narrative, and imagination. Trans. David Pellauer; ed. M. I. Wallace. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Sadauskiene, Jurga. 2010. Rutu daržas: poetinio simbolio transformacijos XIX amžiuje. Tautosakos darbai 39: 139–155.

Sauka, Donatas. 2007. Lietuviu tautosaka. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopediju leidybos institutas.

Scheub, Harold. 1978. Oral narrative process and the use of models. In Varia Folklorica, ed. Alan Dundes. 71–90. The Hague: De Gruyter Mouton.

Scholes, Robert, James Phelan, and Robert Kellogg. 2006. Nature of narrative: Revised and expanded. Oxford University Press USA: OSO.

Stundžiene, Brone. 1999. Vandens prasmes lietuviu dainose klausimu. Tautosakos darbai 11(18): 86–104.

Stundžiene, Brone. 2010. Kulturines ąžuolo istorijos pedsakai dainose. In Ąžuolas folklore ir kulturoje, ed. Stasys Skrodenis. 8–33. Šilale.

Sørensen, Preben Meulengracht. 2000. Social institutions and belief systems of medieval Iceland (c. 870–1400) and their relations to literary production. In Old Icelandic Literature and Society, ed. Margaret Clunies Ross. 8–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tolley, Clive. 2009. Shamanism in Norse myth and magic. 2 vols. Folklore Fellows’ Communications. 296–297. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.

Toporov, Vladimir N. 2010. Mirovoe derevo. Universal’nye znakovye kompleksy. Moskva: Rukopisnye namyatniki drevney Rusi.

Velius, Norbertas. 1983. Senoves baltu pasauležiura. Vilnius: Mintis.

Velius, Norbertas. 2012. Baltu mitologija iš sakalo skrydžio. Vilnius: Aidai.

Velius, Norbertas. 2014. Senieji vestuviniu dainu ir papročiu semantikos klodai. Tautosakos darbai 48: 97–172.

Watkins, Calvert. 1995. How to kill a dragon: Aspects of Indo-European poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

West, Martin Litchfield. 2007. Indo-European poetry and myth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wolf, Kirsten. 2006. Some comments on Old Norse–Icelandic color terms. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 121: 173–192.

Zoëga, Geir T. 1967. A concise dictionary of Old Icelandic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2022.34.151
Date of publication: 2022-09-30 20:08:37
Date of submission: 2022-04-04 15:04:56


статистика


Видимость рефератов - 749
загрузки (из 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 394

показатели



Ссылки

  • На текущий момент ссылки отсутствуют.


(c) 2022 Giedrė Buivytė

Лицензия Creative Commons
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.