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Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Specyfika, funkcje i mechanizmy stanów medytacyjnych na podstawie badań neuropsychologicznych nad uważnością
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Wyniki neuropsychologicznych badań nad uważnością zdają się dowodzić, że stan medytacyjny może być rozumiany jako wyższy stan świadomości, który istotnie różni się od stanu odpoczynku i relaksacji (podczas niego wymagany jest duży wysiłek) oraz stanu czuwania (dominacja aktywacji parasympatycznej). W zaawansowanych stadiach medytacji (niskie wydatkowanie energetyczne) występuje wzmożona aktywacja kory przedniej części zakrętu obręczy (anterior cingulate cortex – ACC), lewej części wyspy (left insula) i prążkowia (striatum) oraz redukcja aktywacji bocznych części kory przedczołowej (lateral prefrontal cortex – lPFC) i kory ciemieniowej (parietal cortex). Medytacja odgrywa ważną rolę w procesach dowolnego włączania (switching, tj. wczesne zauważanie sygnałów do 100 milisekund od pojawienia się bodźca) oraz podtrzymywania uwagi (maintenance, tj. radzenie sobie z wędrówką myśli). Kluczowymi mechanizmami występującymi podczas stanów medytacyjnych są: wertykalna synchronizacja pnia mózgu, systemu limbicznego i kory nowej (poszerzony dostęp do bodźców), bilateralna aktywacja hemisferyczna (wgląd w negatywne emocje i nieświadomość) oraz dominacja szybkich fal gamma (szybkość propagacji informacji). Specyfika, funkcje i mechanizmy występujące podczas stanów medytacyjnych świadczą o tym, że treningi medytacji wpływają pozytywnie na wiele aspektów życia człowieka (takich jak regulacja procesów cielesnych, dostrojona komunikacja, równowaga emocjonalna, elastyczność odpowiedzi, empatia, wgląd, wygaszanie lęku, intuicja i moralność).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2017.30.1.111
Data publikacji: 2017-07-11 21:56:18
Data złożenia artykułu: 2016-04-28 16:10:29
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2017 Stanisław Radoń
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