The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Self-Control Scale

Krzysztof Kwapis, Rafał Piotr Bartczuk

Abstract


Self-control was recognized as an important function of the human self, whereby the person can override or alter its impulses, moods, emotions, and behaviors. Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone developed a scale for the measurement of individual differences in self-control — Self-Control Scale (S-CS). This article presents the adaptation of S-CS to Polish conditions, which was started when there was no method for testing self-control in Poland. The aim of the present study was fivefold: (1) development of the Polish version of the Self-Control Scale (S-CS-Pv); (2) examination of the properties of the SC-S-Pv’s items; (3) estimation of the SC-S-Pv’s reliability; (4) comparison of the S-CS-Pv’s internal structure with the original scale, and (5) assessment of the SC-S-Pv’s content validity. In the process of S-CS adaptation, a back-translation procedure was used. Polish adaptation is a reliable method with validity proven, both by correlation with other tests and by group comparisons. However, the factor analysis results suggested its multidimensionality.


Keywords


Self-Control Scale; Polish adaptation; reliability; validity

Full Text:

PDF

References


Baay, P.E., de Ridder, D.T.D., Eccles, J.S., van der Lippe, T., van Aken, M. A.G. (2014). Self-control trumps work motivation in predicting job search behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 443–451.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.006

Baumeister, R.F., Heatherton, T.F., Tice, D.M. (2006). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego [u.a].: Academic Press.

Baumeister, R.F., Schmeichel, B.J., Vohs, K.D. (2007). Self-regulation and the executive function: The self as controlling agent. In: A.W. Kruglanski. E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 516–539). New York: Guilford Press.

Bertrams, A., Dickhäuser, O. (2009). Messung dispositioneller Selbstkontroll-Kapazität. Eine deutsche Adaptation der Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (S-CS-K-D). Diagnostica, 55(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.55.1.2

Botchkovar, E., Marshall, I.H., Rocque, M., Posick, C. (2015). The Importance of Parenting in the Development of Self-Control in Boys and Girls: Results from a Multinational Study of Youth. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.02.001

Carver, C.S. (2004). Self-Regulation of action and affect. In: R.F. Baumeister, K.D. Vohs (Eds.), Self-regulation of action and affect (pp. 13–39). New York: Guilford Press.

Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., Weintraub, J.K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267

Coyne, M.A., Wright, J.P. (2014). The stability of self-control across childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.026

Cruz, J.F.A., Sofia, R.M., Osório, J., Valente, J., Silva, J.P.R. da. (2013). Auto-controlo no desporto: estudo de adaptação e validação da Brief Self-Control Scale. In: A. Pereira, M. Calheiros, P. Vagos, I. Direito, S. Monteiro, C. Fernandes da Silva, A. A. Gomes (Eds.), Actas do VIII Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia. Aveiro: Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia (pp. 1221–1331). Aveiro: Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia. Retrieved from http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/26004

Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R. J., Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Digdon, N. L., Howell, A.J. (2008). College students who have an eveningness preference report lower self-control and greater procrastination. Chronobiology International, 25(6), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420520802553671

Duckworth, A.L., Gross, J.J. (2014). Self-Control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462

Duckworth, A.L., Shulman, E.P., Mastronarde, A.J., Patrick, S.D., Zhang, J., Druckman, J. (2015). Will not want: Self-control rather than motivation explains the female advantage in report card grades. Learning and Individual Differences, 39, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.02.006

Dzwonkowska, I., Lachowicz-Tabaczek, K., Łaguna, M. (2008). SES - Skala Samooceny Rosenberga. Warszawa: Pracowania Testów Psychologicznych PTP.

Eysenck, H. J., Eysenck, S.B.G. (1998). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Scales (EPS adult), comprising the EPQ-revised ((EPQ-R) (including addiction and criminality scales) EPQ-R short scale impulsiveness (IVE) questionnaire (impulsiveness/venturesomeness/empathy). London: Hodder & Stoughton.

Gailliot, M.T., Baumeister, R.F. (2007). The physiology of willpower: Linking blood glucose to self-control. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(4), 303–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868307303030

Hambleton, R.K., Merenda, P.F., Spielberger, C.D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Mahwah: L. Erlbaum Associates.

Holgado-Tello, F.P., Chacón-Moscoso, S., Barbero-García, I., Vila-Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality & Quantity, 44(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-008-9190-y

Jaworowska, A. (2011). IVE - Kwestionariusz Impulsywności. Warszawa: PTP.

Juczyński, Z. (2011). SWLS - Skala Satysfakcji z Życia. In: Z. Juczyński (Ed.), Narzędzia Pomiaru w Promocji i Psychologii Zdrowia (pp. 134–141). Warszawa: PTP.

Juczyński, Z., Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2009). COPE - Wielowymiarowy Inwentarz do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem. In Z. Juczyński, N. Ogińska-Bulik (red.), Narzędzia Pomiaru Stresu i Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem (pp. 23–43). Warszawa: PTP.

Kim, J.-O., Müller, C.W. (2007). Factor analysis: statistical methods and practical issues. Newbury Park: Sage.

Klinkosz, W., Sękowski, A.E. (2006). H. Schulera i M. Prochaski polska wersja Inwentarza Motywacji Osiągnięć - Leistungsmotivationsinventar (LMI). Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 12(2), 253–264.

Kwapis, K. (2011). Temperamentalna regulacja zasobów energetycznych w zadaniach wymagających samokontroli. Studia Psychologiczne, 4(49), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10167-010-0033-9

Lorenzo-Seva, U., Ten Berge, J.M.F. (2006). Tucker’s congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity. Methodology, 2(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57

Maloney, P.W., Grawitch, M.J., Barber, L.K. (2012). The multi-factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.001

Malouf, E.T., Schaefer, K.E., Witt, E.A., Moore, K.E., Stuewig, J., Tangney, J.P. (2014). The Brief Self-Control Scale predicts jail inmates’ recidivism, substance dependence, and post-release adjustment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(3), 334–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213511666

Malouf, E.T., Stuewig, J., Tangney, J. (2012). Self-control and jail inmates’ substance misuse post-release: Mediation by friends’ substance use and moderation by age. Addictive Behaviors, 37(11), 1198–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.013

McCrae, R.R., Costa, P.T. (2004). A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 587–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00118-1

Mischel, W. (2014). The Marshmallow Test. New York: Random House.

Nebioglu, M., Konuk, N., Akbaba, S., Eroglu, Y. (2012). The investigation of validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief Self-Control Scale. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22(4), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20120911042732

Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2008). Skala Pomiaru Prężności – SPP-25. Nowiny Psychologiczne, 3, 39–56.

Prado, C.E., Treeby, M.S., Crowe, S.F. (2015). Examining relationships between facial emotion recognition, self-control, and psychopathic traits in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.013

Pilarska, A., Baumeister, R.F. (2018). Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Self-Control Scale ( S-CS ) Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Self-Control Scale ( S-CS ). Polish Psychological Bulletin, 49(1), 95–106. http://doi.org/10.24425/119476

R Core Team. (2015). A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.2.2). Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. Malabar: Krieger Publishing Company.

Schuler, H., Prochaska, M. (2001). LMI: Leistungsmotivationsinventar. Dimensionen berufsbezogener Leistungsorientierung. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

Sijtsma, K. (2009). Reliability beyond theory and into practice. Psychometrika, 74(1), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9103-y

Tangney, J.P., Baumeister, R.F., Boone, A.L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x

Van Gelderen, M., Kautonen, T., Fink, M. (2015). From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 655–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.01.003

Wilczyńska, J.T., Drwal, R.Ł. (1983). Social Desirability Questionnaire. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 14(5), 1–59.

Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P., Śliwińska, M. (1998). NEO-FFI - Inwentarz Osobowości NEO-FFI. Warszawa: PTP.

Zhu, H., Luo, X., Cai, T., Li, Z., Liu, W. (2014). Self-control and parental control mediate the relationship between negative emotions and emotional eating among adolescents. Appetite, 82, 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.106




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2020.33.3.123-144
Date of publication: 2020-10-31 02:04:07
Date of submission: 2019-09-05 10:28:30


Statistics


Total abstract view - 5374
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF - 2246

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.