Hide
Show all
Email this article Structure of the Concept of “Hope” and Its Differentiation
Abstract
This study attempts to show the structure of the concept of “hope” basing on the technique affective verbal fluency. Literature presents many theories of hope. Hope is defined as a motivational-cognitive construct, personality trait, and as prospective emotion. The newest conception by A.M. Krafft proposes the holistic view of hope which is rooted in values system and personality. In order to describe the cognitive structure of the concept of hope affective verbal fluency technique was used. A sample of 136 adult participants from the general population was investigated. The linguistic material was analyzed in terms of qualitative and quantitative aspects. The crucial was to identify semantic clusters. Then, the hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted which revealed two main components of the concept of hope, affective and cognitive. Next, the cluster analysis k-means method was used which showed the differentiation of hope concepts in different people/profiles of hope concept. Results indicate that affective verbal fluency technique is useful in the description of the structure of hope concept and the differentiation of this concept. The results basing on language showed lay-concept of hope which is consistent with scientific views of hope. The analysis of linguistic material allows describing differentiation of how lay people perceive hope.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Język Polski)References
Argyle, M. (2004). Psychologia szczęścia. Wrocław: Astrum.
Averill, J.R. (1994). Emotions are many splendored things. W: P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson (eds.), The Nature of Emotion (s. 99–102). New York: Oxford University Press.
Carr, A. (2009). Psychologia pozytywna. Nauka o szczęściu i ludzkich siłach. Poznań: Zysk i S-ka.
Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F. (2002). Optimism. W: C.R. Snyder, S.J. Lopez (eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (s. 231–243). New York: Oxford University Press.
Clore, G.L., Parrott, W.G. (1994). Cognitive feelings and metacognition judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24(1), 101–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420240108.
Culver, N.F. (1992). A validation of the Encouragement Scale – Teacher Form. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Georgia, Athens.
Dufault, K., Martocchio, R.C. (1985). Hope: Its spheres and dimensions. Nursing Clinics of North America, 20(2), 379–391.
Emmons, R.A. (2005). Emotion and religion. W: R.F. Paloutzian, C.L. Park (eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (s. 235–252). New York: Guilford Press.
Erikson, H.E. (2002). Dopełniony cykl życia. Poznań: Rebis.
Farran, C.J., Herth, K.A., Popovich, J.M. (1995). Hope and Hopelessness: Critical Clinical Constructs. New York: Sage Publications.
Filipkowski, J. (2000). Rola nadziei w osobowym rozwoju człowieka (ujęcie św. Tomasza z Akwinu). W: H. Romanowska-Łakomy (red.), Radość i cierpienie. Fenomenologia rozwoju człowieka (s. 131–148). Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego.
Fox, E. (2013). Między pesymizmem a optymizmem. Szczęście w rozumie. Warszawa: Carta Blanca.
Fredrickson, B. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300–319.
Fredrickson, B. (2009). Positivity: Top-notch Research Reveals the 3 to 1 Ratio That Will Change Your Life. New York: Three Rivers Press.
Fromm, E. (1992). O sztuce miłości. Warszawa: Sagittarius.
Gawda, B. (2017). Struktura pojęć emocjonalnych. Wykorzystanie technik fluencji werbalnej. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Gawda, B., Szepietowska, E. (2015). Treść pojęć Radość i Strach w okresie dorosłości – fluencja werbalna jako narzędzie opisu pojęć emocjonalnych. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 20(2), 57–72.
Gottman, J.M., Katz, I.F., Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families. Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.243.
Juczyński, Z. (2001). Narzędzia do pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych.
Kozielecki, J. (2006). Psychologia nadziei. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie „Żak”.
Krafft, A.M., Martin-Krumm, C., Fenouillet, F. (2017). Adaptation, Further Elaboration, and Validation of a Scale to Measure Hope as Perceived by People: Discriminant Value and Predictive Utility Vis-à-Vis Dispositional Hope. Assessment, 24, 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117700724.
Lazarus, R.S. (1999). Hope: An emotion and vital coping resource against despair. Social Research, 66(2), 653–678.
Li, J.T. (2000). Hope and the Medical Encounter. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 75(7), 765–767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4065/75.7.765.
Maslow, A. (1986). W stronę psychologii istnienia. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
Mikołajczuk, A. (2009). Obraz radości we współczesnej polszczyźnie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper.
Morse, J.M., Doberneck, B. (1995). Delineating the concept of hope. Image – The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 27(4), 277–285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1995.tb00888.x.
Morse, J.M., Penrod, J. (1999). Linking concepts of enduring, uncertainty, suffering, and hope. Image – The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(2), 145–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00455.x.
Mowrer, O.H. (1960). Learning Theory and Behavior. New York: Wiley.
Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A. (1990). The Cognitive Structure of Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Parnowski, T., Jernajczyk, W. (1977). Inwentarz Depresji Becka w ocenie nastroju osób zdrowych i chorych na choroby afektywne (ocena pilotażowa). Psychiatria Polska, 11, 417–425.
Peterson, C., Steen, T.A. (2002). Optimistic explanatory style. W: C.R. Snyder, S.J. Lopez (eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (s. 244–256). New York: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues. A Handbook and Classiffication. New York: Oxford University Press.
Power, M., Dalgleish, T. (1997). Cognition and Emotion. From Order to Disorder. Howe: Psychology Press.
Ricoeur, P. (1991). Podług nadziei. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
Schrank, B., Stanghellini, G., Slade, M. (2008). Hope in psychiatry: A review of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(6), 421–433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01271.x.
Scioli, A., Biller, H.B. (2009). Hope in the Age of Anxiety: A Guide to Understanding and Strengthening Our Most Important Virtue. New York: Oxford University Press.
Scioli, A., Scioli-Salter, E.R., Sykes, K., Anderson, C., Fedele, M. (2016). The positive contributions of hope to maintaining and restoring health: An integrative, mixed-method approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 135–148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1037858.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2005). Prawdziwe szczęście. Psychologia pozytywna a urzeczywistnianie naszych możliwości trwałego spełnienia. Poznań: Media Rodzina.
Snyder, C.R. (2000). Handbook of Hope: Theory, Measures and Applications. San Diego: Academic Press.
Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01.
Snyder, C.R., Ilardi, S., Michael, S., Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope theory: Updating a common process for psychological change. W: C.R. Snyder, R.E. Ingram (eds.), Handbook of Psychological Change: Psychotherapy Processes and Practices for the 21st Century (s. 128–153). New York: Wiley.
Stanton, A.I. (2000). Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 875–882. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.875.
Szepietowska, E.M., Gawda B. (2011). Ścieżkami fluencji werbalnej. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Trzebińska, E. (2008). Psychologia pozytywna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
Trzebiński, J., Zięba, M. (2003a). Nadzieja, strata, rozwój. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 2(1), 5–33.
Trzebiński, J., Zięba, M. (2003b). Kwestionariusz Nadziei Podstawowej – BHI-12. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych.
Vaillant, G.E. (2008). Spiritual Evolution: A Scientific Defense of Faith. London: Broadway Books.
Witwicki, W. (1995/1927). Psychologia uczuć i inne pisma. Warszawa: PWN.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2018.31.4.65-81
Date of publication: 2019-04-26 10:22:36
Date of submission: 2018-07-26 09:27:34
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Barbara Gawda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.