Prokrastynacja i prokrastynatorzy. Definicja, etiologia, epidemiologia i terapia

Katarzyna Markiewicz

Streszczenie w języku polskim


Problem nieterminowego wywiązywania się z różnych zobowiązań stał się tak powszechny, że zajęli się nim psychologowie. Badacze analizujący to zjawisko nadali mu nazwę prokrastynacja (łac. prōcrāstinō – ‘odkładanie do jutra, z dnia na dzień’). Problemem nie są sytuacje, kiedy z powodu zmęczenia, zniechęcenia, przepracowania, potrzeby uzupełnienia informacji lub po prostu zwykłego lenistwa sporadycznie coś zaniedbujemy, nie wywiązując się we właściwym terminie ze zobowiązania. Prokrastynatorzy to osoby, które zwlekają w sposób chroniczny, z powodów irracjonalnych, często wyszukując sobie zastępcze zajęcia, aby w ten sposób usprawiedliwić niemożność przystąpienia do właściwego zadania. Powodem takich zachowań jest m.in. lęk przed niepowodzeniem, niskie poczucie własnej wartości. Osoby takie na ogół planują wykonanie zadania, lecz im bardziej zbliża się termin przystąpienia do jego realizacji lub zakończenia, tym silniej odczuwają awersję. W Europie Zachodniej oraz w USA psychologowie dostrzegają potrzebę objęcia takich osób różnymi formami terapii. Niestety, w Polsce, chociaż zjawisko jest równie powszechne, problem nie jest wystarczająco nagłośniony, brak jest statystyk, które wyjaśniałyby, jak dużej populacji on dotyczy, a praktyka nieterminowego realizowania różnych zobowiązań wydaje się mieć bardzo szerokie granice tolerancji. Artykuł opiera się na przeglądzie literatury i stanowi próbę opisania zarówno samego zjawiska, jego następstw, jak i stosowanych form pomocowych.


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prokrastynacja; młodzież; epidemiologia; terapia

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2018.31.3.195-213
Data publikacji: 2019-02-26 17:52:11
Data złożenia artykułu: 2018-05-10 13:55:52


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